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Cui Yan
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Cui Yan (died 216),〔 courtesy name Jigui, was an official serving under the warlord Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty. In his early life, he served briefly in the local district office before leaving home to study under the tutelage of the Confucian scholar Zheng Xuan. In the late 190s, Cui Yan became a subordinate of the northern warlord Yuan Shao but did not make any significant achievements under the latter, who ignored his suggestions. Following Yuan Shao's death in 202, Cui Yan was imprisoned when he refused to help either of Yuan's sons – Yuan Shang and Yuan Tan – in their struggle over their father's territories. After he was freed, Cui Yan came to serve under Cao Cao, the ''de facto'' head of the Han central government. Throughout his years of service under Cao Cao, Cui Yan performed his duties faithfully and diligently, maintaining law and order within his bureau and recommending talents to join the civil service. In 216, in an incident widely regarded as a case of grievous injustice, Cui Yan was accused of defaming Cao Cao in a letter and ended up being stripped off his post, thrown into prison and subsequently forced to commit suicide.
==Early life==
Cui Yan was from Dongwucheng County (東武城縣), Qinghe Commandery (清河郡), Ji Province (冀州), which is around present-day Gucheng County, Hengshui, Hebei. In his youth, he was known to be plain, dull and lacking in communication skills, but he was very interested in swordsmanship and military arts. When he was 22 years old, he was nominated by the local district office to be a judicial officer,〔Cui Yan's appointment was a "Director" (正) under a "Minister of Justice" (廷尉).〕 for which he was so grateful that he started reading books such as the ''Analects'' and ''Han Shi'' (韓詩)〔The ''Han Shi'' (韓詩; lit. ''poems of Han'') was written by Han Ying (韓嬰), an academician who lived in the early Western Han dynasty, as an addendum to the ''Classic of Poetry''.〕〔(崔琰字季珪，清河東武城人也。少樸訥，好擊劒，尚武事。年二十三，鄉移為正，始感激，讀論語、韓詩。) ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 12.〕
Six years later, at the age of 28, Cui Yan befriended Gongsun Fang (公孫方) and others and they studied together under the tutelage of the Confucian scholar Zheng Xuan. However, in 184, before Cui Yan could complete his studies, the Yellow Turban Rebellion broke out in China. The rebels from Xu Province attacked Beihai Commandery (北海郡), where Zheng Xuan conducted his classes, so Zheng and his students fled east to Mount Buqi (不其山; northwest of Mount Lao) to evade chaos. Despite so, the rebellion had resulted in food shortages, so Zheng Xuan had no choice but to send his students away. After leaving Mount Buqi, Cui Yan could not return to Qinghe Commandery because rebel forces and bandits were rampant in the region and the roads leading west were blocked. He wandered around Qing, Xu, Yan and Yu provinces and visited several places, including Shouchun Commandery (壽春郡; in present-day Lu'an, Anhui), Lake Tai and the northern bank of the Yangtze River. After four years, he returned home and spent his time playing music and writing calligraphy.〔(至年二十九，乃結公孫方等就鄭玄受學。學未朞，徐州黃巾賊攻破北海，玄與門人到不其山避難。時穀糴縣乏，玄罷謝諸生。琰旣受遣，而寇盜充斥，西道不通。於是周旋青、徐、兖、豫之郊，東下壽春，南望江、湖。自去家四年乃歸，以琴書自娛。) ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 12.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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